@article {12,
	title = {First report of a mycolactone-producing Mycobacterium infection in fish agriculture in Belgium.},
	journal = {FEMS Microbiol Lett},
	volume = {286},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Sep},
	pages = {93-5},
	abstract = {<p>In the past few years, a mycolactone-producing subgroup of the Mycobacterium marinum complex has been identified and analyzed. These IS2404-positive species cause pathology in frogs and fish. A recently isolated mycobacterial strain from a fish in Belgium was analyzed using a variety of molecular methods and the results were identical to those obtained from a mycolactone-producing M. marinum from Israel.</p>},
	keywords = {Agriculture, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Toxins, Belgium, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Israel, Macrolides, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, Mycobacterium marinum},
	issn = {0378-1097},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01264.x},
	author = {Stragier, Pieter and Hermans, Katleen and Stinear, Tim and Portaels, Fran{\c c}oise}
}
@article {1,
	title = {Genetic diversity and population structure of Mycobacterium marinum: new insights into host and environmental specificities.},
	journal = {J Clin Microbiol},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {3627-34},
	abstract = {<p>Mycobacterium marinum causes a systemic tuberculosis-like disease in fish and skin infections in humans that can spread to deeper structures, resulting in tenosynovitis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis. However, little information is available concerning (i) the intraspecific genetic diversity of M. marinum isolated from humans and animals; (ii) M. marinum genotype circulation in the different ecosystems, and (iii) the link between M. marinum genetic diversity and hosts (humans and fish). Here, we conducted a genetic study on 89 M. marinum isolates from humans (n = 68) and fish (n = 21) by using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing. The results show that the M. marinum population is genetically structured not only according to the host but also according to the ecosystem as well as to tissue tropism in humans. This suggests the existence of different genetic pools in the function of the biological and ecological compartments. Moreover, the presence of only certain M. marinum genotypes in humans suggests a different zoonotic potential of the M. marinum genotypes. Considering that the infection is linked to aquarium activity, a significant genetic difference was also detected when the human tissue tropism of M. marinum was taken into consideration, with a higher genetic polymorphism in strains isolated from patients with cutaneous forms than from individuals with deeper-structure infection. It appears that only few genotypes can produce deeper infections in humans, suggesting that the immune system might play a filtering role.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Biota, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA, Bacterial, Female, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Humans, Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Typing, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, Mycobacterium marinum, Young Adult},
	issn = {1098-660X},
	doi = {10.1128/JCM.01274-12},
	author = {Broutin, Vincent and Ba{\~n}uls, Anne-Laure and Aubry, Alexandra and Keck, Nicolas and Choisy, Marc and Bernardet, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Michel, Christian and Raymond, Jean-Christophe and Libert, C{\'e}dric and Barnaud, Antoine and Stragier, Pieter and Portaels, Fran{\c c}oise and Terru, Dominique and Belon, Claudine and Dereure, Olivier and Gutierrez, Cristina and Boschiroli, Maria-Laura and Van De Perre, Philippe and Cambau, Emmanuelle and Godreuil, Sylvain}
}
